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Valuations:
Estimates which appear in this catalogue are
provided as a guide to bidders. The information utilized to determine
estimates can vary from the opinion of the cataloger to valuation
catalogues and/or information supplied by consignors. Bidders are strongly
advised to determine valuation based upon their own research and inspection
of the lot. It is possible that in instances where catalogue valuations are
provided, errors can occur and therefore it is recommended that bidders
evaluate the lot independently.It can be assumed that in many instances lots
will realize considerably higher than estimates and in other cases
considerably less than the estimated price indicated.
Start Price (Reserve):
The dollar amount shown at the end of the main description for each lot
is the minimum hammer price the lot will be sold for, unless stated
differently at the time of the of selling of the lot. (California operation only).
Catalog Number Conventions:
1) A dash ("-") in a catalog number range indicates the
set is complete within that range, as listed by the appropriate catalog.
2) A single slash ("/") in a catalog number range indicates
the set is incomplete within that range, and some stamps are missing.
Stamp Centering and Grades:
The width of margins and the centering of the design within
perforations are graded in strict accordance with the Scott Standard Postage
Stamp Catalog standards. The following grades are used in this catalog:
| Extremely Fine: |
| Exceptionally large margins and near perfect centering. Used to describe stamps which are
of superior grade for the issue. |
| Very Fine: |
| Normal size margins for the issue and well-centered with design nearly centered perfectly. |
| Fine: |
| Imperforate stamps may have smaller than normal margins and perforated stamps will be off-center.
Issues before 1890 may have the design touched in places. |
| Average: |
| Attractive appearance, but margins or perforations cut into design. |
Covers:
Minor nicks, tears and slight reduction from opening are to be
expected in 19th century covers. Folded letters normally have tears in the
reverse and file folds, which will not be mentioned unless they
affect the stamps or markings. Light cleaning of covers is an accepted form
of conservation and is not grounds for return of a lot. The terms "Extremely
Fine", etc., are meant to convey the overall appearance of cover, not the
condition of an individual stamp.
Coin Grades:
| BU |
| Brilliant Uncirculated |
| UNC |
| Uncirculated |
| AU |
| About Uncirculated |
| XF |
| Extremely Fine |
| VF |
| Very Fine |
| F |
| Fine |
| VG |
| Very Good |
| G |
| Good |
| AG |
| About Good |
Symbols:
 |
| Airpost |
 |
| Mint |
| () |
| Unused (no gum) |
|
| Mint never hinged |
| o |
| Used |
 |
| Used on piece |
 |
| Block (of four or larger) |
 |
| Cover, card or entire envelope |
 |
| Document |
 |
| Literature |
| B |
| Booklet pane or complete booklet |
| E |
| Essay |
| F |
| Forgery |
| P |
| Proof |
| R |
| Reprint |
| S |
| Specimen |
Abbreviations:
| n.h. |
| Never hinged-unused with original gum in Post Office state and unmounted. |
| l.h. |
| Lightly hinged-unused with original gum showing some evidence of a previous hinging which may be
present in part or entirely removed.
|
| o.g. (h.r.) |
| Original gum with hinge remnant |
| part o.g. |
| Part original gum-unused with original gum, large hinge remnants may or may not be present. |
| disturbed o.g |
| Disturbed original gum-unused with original gum, affected by sweating, glazing or mount
disturbance, may not resemble the original gum.
|
| tropical o.g. |
| Gum disturbed and discolored from prolonged exposure to a tropical climate. |
| unused |
| Unused without gum (unless gum is mentioned). |
| ungummed |
| Unused without gum, as issued |
| c.d.s. |
| circular date stamp |
| compl. |
| complete |
| dupl. |
| duplicate |
| FDC |
| first day cover |
| h.r. |
| hinge remnant |
| h.s. |
| including |
| invtd. |
| inverted |
| ms. |
| manuscript |
| ovpt. |
| overprint |
| pmk. |
| postmark |
| s.e. |
| straight edge |
| unwmkd. |
| unwatermarked |
| wmkd. |
| watermarked |
The following reference catalogues were used:
Afinsa (2011),
American Air Mail Catalog,
Brookman (2014),
Campbell-Paterson (1982),
Chan (2000),
CSA Catalog (2012),
Edifil (2011),
Edifil Cuba (1997, 2002),
Ellington-Zwisler Rocket Mail Volumes 1-2,
Facit Classic (2017),
JSCA (2018),
Kessler's Catalogue of Aerograms (1961),
Krause Standard Catalog of World Coins (2014),
Maury France (2016),
Maury French Colonies (2011),
Michel Austria (2009),
Michel Colonies (2011),
Michel Europe, Volumes 1-7 (2016),
Michel Germany (2016),
Michel Switzerland (2016),
Michel Zeppelin (2003),
NVPH (2011),
Oregon Postmarks: A Catalog of 19th Century Usage, by Charles Whittlesey and Richard Helbock (1985),
Paper Money of the U.S. (2006),
Rohloff Waterbury Cancellations 1865-1890 (1979),
Sakura (2013),
Sassone (2019),
Scott Volumes 1-6 (2019),
Schweizer Briefmarken Katalog (2012),
Skinner-Eno (1980),
South African Color Catalog (2005),
Stanley Gibbons Commonwealth (2018),
Unitrade Canada (2018),
U.S. Specialized (2019),
Western Post Offices, by Richard Helbock (1993),
Zeverev Catalog of Russia 1857-1940 (2014),
Zumstein (2012),
and others as mentioned.
Unless otherwise mentioned, the editions of each reference catalog were the most recent available
when our auction catalog went to press.
CAREFUL INSPECTION OF ALL LOTS IS RECOMMENDED.
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